Benzoyl Peroxide: What Is It, How Does It Work, 3 Benefits & FAQs

Benzoyl peroxide is a well-established, over-the-counter treatment for mild to moderate acne, a skin condition affecting many individuals worldwide. Dr Justin Boey, Medical Director of Sozo Aesthetic Clinic, shares more from his personal experience. It kills the bacteria that cause acne and clears the skin of excess oils and dead skin cells. Before embarking on a treatment regimen, it is crucial to understand how benzoyl peroxide works, how to use it properly, and what side effects may occur. 

This article will provide a comprehensive guide to using benzoyl peroxide for acne treatment, empowering you with the knowledge to make informed decisions about your skin health.

What is Benzoyl Peroxide?

Benzoyl Peroxide, a potent antimicrobial substance, is widely used in acne treatments for its remarkable properties. Acting as a keratolytic agent, it not only promotes exfoliation of the skin’s outer layer but also facilitates the removal of dead skin cells that tend to clog pores and contribute to acne formation. With its strong antibacterial effects, Benzoyl Peroxide effectively targets and eliminates Propionibacterium acnes, the bacterium responsible for acne inflammation. 

Dr Boey explains that benzoyl peroxide’s dual action—killing bacteria and peeling the skin—makes it effective in reducing acne. By selecting the appropriate form and concentration based on each patient’s skin type and tolerance, Dr Boey ensures that benzoyl peroxide becomes a valuable addition to a customised skincare plan.

Different Forms of Benzoyl Peroxide Products

Benzoyl peroxide is available in various forms and concentrations, making it adaptable to different skin types and acne severities. These include:

1. Creams are typically less potent and can be a good choice for dry or sensitive skin. Creams often combine with moisturising agents, such as hyaluronic acid or shea butter, that help mitigate benzoyl peroxide’s drying effects. They provide a nourishing and hydrating treatment, leaving the skin soft and supple.
2. Gels: Gels are more potent than creams and best suited to those with oily skin. They are often fast-absorbing and provide a refreshing and lightweight treatment. Gels are formulated with ingredients like salicylic acid or tea tree oil, which have excellent oil-controlling properties. They penetrate deep into the pores, targeting acne-causing bacteria and reducing excess oil production.
3. Washes: Washes are gentler than creams or gels and can benefit those with body acne. They are less likely to irritate and can be used on larger body areas, such as the back or chest. Washes contain ingredients like sulfur or glycolic acid, which help to exfoliate the skin and unclog pores. They provide a thorough cleanse and leave the skin feeling refreshed and revitalised.

Benzoyl peroxide products have various strengths, typically 2.5% to 10%. Lower concentrations (2.5%-5%) can be just as effective as higher ones but are less likely to cause skin irritation. A higher concentration (10%) may suit those with severe acne, but it’s more likely to cause dryness and irritation. 

Selecting the appropriate form and concentration of benzoyl peroxide depends on several factors, including the severity of the acne, the individual’s skin type, and their tolerance to the product. A healthcare professional can provide personalised advice based on these factors.

Generally, starting with a lower concentration is recommended to see how your skin reacts, then adjusting as needed.

How Does Benzoyl Peroxide Work?

Benzoyl Peroxide penetrates the skin and enters the pores, breaking down into benzoic acid and oxygen. The oxygen component is lethal to the anaerobic Propionibacterium acnes bacteria that flourish in the low-oxygen environments of blocked pores. By introducing oxygen, benzoyl peroxide eliminates the bacteria without allowing them to develop resistance. 

Simultaneously, the benzoic acid component helps to peel the skin and unclog the pores. This dual action of oxygenating and exfoliating underpins its effectiveness in reducing inflammatory acne and lesions and preventing new ones.

Benefits of Using Benzoyl Peroxide

Aesthetic practitioners widely endorse benzoyl peroxide to help treat acne due to its multifaceted benefits. It eradicates acne-causing bacteria before acne turns into acne scars and enhances the skin’s overall texture and appearance. Let’s dive into some key advantages that highlight why benzoyl peroxide is a staple in numerous skincare routines:

1. Reduces Acne Breakouts

The key benefits of benzoyl peroxide include a significant reduction in whiteheads, blackheads, and inflammatory acne; by effectively targeting the root causes of acne, such as clogged pores and bacterial growth, benzoyl peroxide aids in clearing up existing acne while also preventing further skin congestion. This reduction not only helps to improve the immediate appearance of the skin but also aids in minimising the risk of developing persistent acne scars.

2. Prevents Future Acne

Regular use of benzoyl peroxide can be instrumental in preventing future breakouts. Integrating benzoyl peroxide into your skincare regimen ensures ongoing treatment against acne-causing bacteria. It reduces oil build-up, keeping pores clear and skin blemish-free. Its proactive approach means that benzoyl peroxide maintains a balanced skin environment even before acne lesions form, reducing the frequency and severity of breakouts over time.

3. Available Over-the-Counter

One of the most convenient benefits of benzoyl peroxide is its wide availability as an over-the-counter product. This accessibility means consumers can easily incorporate effective acne treatment products into their skincare routine without needing a prescription. Popular product packaging examples include brands like Clean & Clear Advantage Acne Spot Treatment, Neutrogena On-The-Spot Acne Treatment, and PanOxyl Acne Foaming Wash, which all offer varying concentrations and formulations of benzoyl peroxide tailored to different skin needs and types.

Side Effects of Benzoyl Peroxide

Like all medicated products, benzoyl peroxide can have potential side effects and risks, which one should be aware of before starting the treatment. 

1. Skin Irritation: Benzoyl peroxide’s most common side effects are dryness and skin irritation. These may manifest as redness, swelling, itching, burning, peeling, or a feeling of warmth. These effects are usually mild and improve over time as your skin adjusts to the medication. 
2. Skin Sensitivity: Benzoyl peroxide can increase your skin’s sensitivity, particularly to the sun. This can result in sunburns, blistering, or rashes on the treated areas if exposed to the sun without adequate protection.
3. Allergic Reaction: In rare cases, benzoyl peroxide can cause a serious allergic reaction. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, dizziness, facial or throat swelling, and severe skin rash.
4. Dryness and Peeling: Higher concentrations of benzoyl peroxide can cause excessive dryness and peeling of the skin, particularly in those with dry or sensitive skin types.
5. Discolouration: Benzoyl peroxide may bleach hair or coloured fabric upon contact, so caution is advised when applying the medication and choosing to clothe. 

Dr Boey advises starting with a lower concentration and applying benzoyl peroxide gradually to minimise these effects. If irritation persists, consulting an aesthetic practitioner can help adjust the treatment plan.

Benzoyl Peroxide vs. Other Acne Treatments

Feature	Benzoyl Peroxide	Salicylic Acid	Retinoids	Antibiotics
Mechanism of Action	Kills bacteria by oxygenating pores, peeling effect	Exfoliates, promotes shedding of dead skin cells	Promotes cell turnover, reduces acne formation	Kills or inhibits bacteria growth
Target Skin Type	Oily to normal skin	Oily to combination skin	Oily to acne-prone skin	All skin types, depending on the formulation
Common Side Effects	Dryness, irritation, increased sun sensitivity	Irritation, dryness, potential increased sun sensitivity	Irritation, peeling, increased sun sensitivity	Digestive issues (oral), irritation (topical)
Available Forms	Creams, gels, washes	Cleansers, pads, lotions	Creams, gels, serums	Oral, topical
Usage Frequency	Once or twice daily	Once or twice daily	Nightly	As prescribed
Prescription Needed	No	No	Yes, for most forms	Yes
Notable Benefits	Fast-acting, effective against bacteria	Unclogs pores, minimises blackheads	Long-term effectiveness in preventing acne	Addresses severe or unresponsive acne
Suited For	Mild to moderate acne	Mild acne, comedonal acne	Moderate to severe acne	Moderate to severe acne
Contraindications	Sensitive skin types, allergic reactions	Sensitive skin or allergies to salicylic acid	Pregnancy, certain skin conditions	Pregnancy (some forms), antibiotic resistance

How to Use Benzoyl Peroxide Safely?

When incorporating benzoyl peroxide into your skincare routine, it is essential to follow specific guidelines to maximise its effectiveness and minimise any potential side effects. Proper application ensures that your skin can adapt gradually to the treatment, allowing you to reap the full benefits without unnecessary irritation. Below are the recommended steps to safely use benzoyl peroxide in your daily regimen.

1. Patch Test: Before applying benzoyl peroxide to your face or body, conduct a patch test by applying a small amount to a discreet skin area. Wait 24 hours to ensure no allergic reaction or severe irritation occurs.
2. Start with a Lower Concentration: Begin with a lower concentration, typically 2.5% or 5%, to allow your skin to adjust to benzoyl peroxide. This can help minimise the risk of irritation.
3. Frequency: Use benzoyl peroxide once daily, generally at bedtime, for the first two weeks. If there is no excessive irritation, the frequency may be increased to twice daily, depending on your skin’s tolerance and the advice of your healthcare professional.
4. Application Method: Cleanse your skin with a gentle, non-abrasive cleanser and pat dry. Apply a thin layer of benzoyl peroxide to the affected areas, avoiding the eyes, mouth, and mucous membranes. Gently massage the product into your skin.
5. Combine with Moisturisers: Follow up with a fragrance-free and non-comedogenic moisturiser to counteract the drying effects of benzoyl peroxide. This helps maintain skin hydration and barrier function.

Do’s:

• Do wear sunscreen during the day, as benzoyl peroxide can increase sun sensitivity.
• Do store benzoyl peroxide products in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
• Do consult an aesthetic practitioner if you’re unsure about using benzoyl peroxide alongside other acne treatments.

Don’ts:

• Don’t apply to broken or inflamed skin, which can exacerbate irritation.
• Don’t use other acne treatments containing salicylic acid or retinoids simultaneously without professional guidance, as this can increase irritation.
• Don’t use harsh exfoliators, astringents, or drying agents while using benzoyl peroxide.

Who is Suitable to Use Benzoyl Peroxide?

Benzoyl peroxide is ideal for individuals with mild to moderate acne, especially those with inflammatory acne. It works well for oily or combination skin by targeting excess oil and cleansing pores. Teenagers and adults experiencing typical acne breakouts benefit greatly from its use, often due to hormonal changes.

However, people with dry or sensitive skin, eczema, or rosacea may find it too harsh. Children under 12 should avoid it without professional advice, and pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare provider. Those with allergies to benzoyl peroxide should not use it.

Can I use benzoyl peroxide every day?

Yes, benzoyl peroxide treatment can be used daily; however, starting slowly is crucial to allow your skin time to adjust. Begin with a lower concentration and gradually increase the frequency and concentration based on your skin’s tolerance. If any irritation occurs, decrease usage and consult an aesthetic practitioner if necessary.

When to stop using benzoyl peroxide?

If persistent irritation, redness, or allergic reactions occur, you should stop using benzoyl peroxide immediately. Additionally, your acne does not improve after consistent use or worsens. In that case, it might be time to discontinue it and seek advice from an aesthetic practitioner for alternative ways of treating acne.

Can I leave benzoyl peroxide on my face overnight?

You can leave benzoyl peroxide on your face overnight, especially if incorporated into a leave-on treatment like a cream or gel. However, starting with a lower concentration and patch test is essential to ensure your skin tolerates it without excessive dryness or irritation. Always follow with a moisturiser to maintain skin hydration.

Conclusion

Benzoyl peroxide is a potent and effective way in treating inflammatory acne and can also help improve the appearance of acne scars. While it may have some side effects, proper usage and precautions can significantly enhance skin affected by acne and scars. It’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional or aesthetic practitioner before incorporating it into your skincare routine to maximise its benefits and minimise any potential risks.

With patience and consistency, benzoyl peroxide can be an excellent addition to your acne-fighting arsenal. So don’t let acne or scars hold you back from feeling confident in your skin – give benzoyl peroxide a try today!